[1] California Energy Commission Gas Prices (2024-2025). Statewide average $5.50-$5.90/gal.
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[2] PG&E AG Rate Schedules (AG-1, AG-4, AG-5). Time-of-use rate spread 2-3x between peak and off-peak.
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[3] EPA Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator. 8.887 kg CO2 per gallon of gasoline.
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[4] EPA eGRID CAMX subregion. California: 0.20 kg CO2/kWh.
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[5] USDA Economic Research Service, Farm Labor Survey (2023-2024). Napa County farm labor costs above state average.
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[6] Napa Valley Grapegrowers. Irrigation best practices and water management.
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[7] EPRI/Water Research Foundation. Energy Optimization in Water and Wastewater Systems: 10-25% pump savings from scheduling optimization.
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